Grant Wood’s Appraisal: Where Folk Art and Popular Culture Meet/El cuadro Appraisal [Evaluación] de Grant Wood: Donde convergen el arte folklórico y la cultura popular
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15665/re.v11i2.47Keywords:
Grant Wood, agricultura, consumo, propaganda, cultura materialAbstract
En el cuadro del pintor Grant Wood, llamado Appraisal [Evaluación] los paralelos entre las distintas transacciones de la pintura son un reflejo de las transformaciones socio-económicas que le subyacen. La representación que Wood hace de dos mujeres involucradas en la compra-venta de gallinas de patio o granja refleja una transición contemporánea (en ese entonces) de un sistema de producción avícola familiar a uno industrial en fábricas, ya que la producción avícola industrializada estaba apenas iniciándose. El contraste existente entre la ropa de las mujeres representa varias tensiones de la sociedad americana anterior a la segunda guerra mundial: campo versus ciudad; trabajo versus recreación; producción versus consumo; folklor versus cultura popular; tradición versus modernización e identidad heredada versus identidad cultural. El cuadro sugiere que este cambio económico fundamental produjo no solamente una brecha cada vez mayor entre estilos de vida muy distintos, sino también una clara distinción entre modos de expresión y de representación. Este artículo examina cómo el arte folklórico [visto a través de la cultura material de la granja y el estilo “folklórico” de la pintura] y la cultura popular [vista en la ropa de moda de la mujer más vieja y en el parecido de la escena a propagandas populares de la época] operan de maneras fundamentalmente distintas para expresar dos estilos de vida divergentes. La representación de Wood de estilos de vida Americanos en proceso de extinción y de leyendas “consagradas” le toma el pelo a la nostalgia conspicua de una sociedad que, de hecho, estaba modernizando su modus vivendi con rapidez deliberada
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