Comunicación de valores intangibles de marca en empresas medianas y grandes de la ciudad de Manizales - Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15665/dem.v20i2.3165Keywords:
Identity, brand, stakeholders, intangible valuesAbstract
This article analyzes the way in which three Colombian companies build their identity, based on the communication of intangible brand values. The theoretical context is constructed through the postulates of identity and brand image, the importance of stakeholders, and especially the postulates of researchers who have determined the way in which intangible values build brand. The methodology consists of in-depth semi-structured interviews with 9 professionals from large and medium-sized companies in the city of Manizales - Colombia (professionals in the branding area of companies) and 3 interviews with experts (design professionals, with profiles related to branding). Both the results and the conclusions allow us to understand the importance of building a good identity through intangible values, as a means to create a correct image and corporate reputation. In addition, to discover what are the intangible values that companies are using to have a better connection with their stakeholders.
References
Aaker, D. (1996). El éxito de tu Producto está en la Marca: Las mejores estrategias para desarrollarla y fortalecerla. México: Prentice-Hall Hispanoamericana.
Aaker, D. (2002). Construir marcas poderosas. Barcelona: Gestión.
Aaker, D. & Joachimsthaler, E. (2005). Liderazgo de la Marca. Barcelona: Deusto.
Abratt, R. & Kleyn, N. (2012). Corporate identity, corporate branding and corporate reputations. Reconciliation and integration. European Journal of Marketing, 46(7-8), 1048-1063.
Alsop, R. (2004). The 18 immutable laws of corporate reputation. Creating, protecting & repairing your most valuable asset. London: Kogan Page.
Apolo, D., Moncayo, M. & Zúñiga, F. (2018). Diseño y comunicación visual: perspectivas para su abordaje desde la imagen corporativa. Revista Kepes, 15(17), 251-271.
Atta, S. (2005). Everything good will come. Northampton: Interlink Publishing.
Ávalos, C. (2010). La marca. Identidad y estrategia. Buenos Aires: La Crujía.
Argenti, P. & Forman, J. (2002). The power of corporate communication. New York: McGraw Hill.
Baines, P., & Haslam, A. (2002). Tipografía: función, forma y diseño. Ediciones G. Gili.
Bauman, Z. (2007). Vida de consumo. Madrid: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Cabrera, O. (2018). La evolución del prosumidor y las marcas comerciales en la era de las TIC. Revista Kepes, 15(17), 119-150.
Capriotti, P. (2009). Branding corporativo: Fundamentos para la gestión estratégica de la identidad corporativa. Santiago de Chile: Colección de libros de la empresa.
Capriotti, P. (2013). Planificación estratégica de la imagen corporativa. Málaga: Instituto de investigación en relaciones públicas.
Chaves, N. (2008). La imagen corporativa. Teoría y práctica de la identificación institucional. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili.
Chaves, N. (2015). La marca: señal, nombre, identidad y blasón. In EME Experimental Illustration, Art & Design (No. 3, pp. 40-49). Universitat Politècnica de València.
Clarkson, M. (1995). A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social perfor-mance. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 92-117.
Costa, J. (1993). Identidad corporativa. México: Editorial Trillas.
Costa, J. (2004). DirCom on-line. La Paz, Bolivia: Grupo Editorial Design.
Covey, S. (2007). El factor confianza. El valor que lo cambia todo. Barcelona: Paidós.
Dondis, D. (2002). La sintaxis de la imagen. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili.
Dzyabura, D., & Peres, R. (2021). Visual Elicitation of Brand Perception. Journal of Marketing, 85(4), 44–66. https://doi-org.consultaremota.upb.edu.co/10.1177/0022242921996661
Eigler, J., & Azarpour, S. (2020). Reputation management for creative workers in the media industry. Journal of Media Business Studies, 17(3/4), 261–275. https://doi-org.consultaremota.upb.edu.co/10.1080/16522354.2020.1741148
Escobar-Farfán, M. & Gallardo-Canales, R. (2018). Brand personality model of chain drug stores in Chile. Dimensión Empresarial, 16(2), 73-84.
Ewing, A. (2011). Corporate responsibility. En Doorley, J. & García, H. (Eds.), Reputation Management. The key to successful public relations and corporate communication (353-381). New York: Routledge.
Fajardo, T., Zhang, J. & Tsiros, M. (2016). The Contingent Nature of the Symbolic Associations of Visual Design Elements: The Case of Brand Logo Frames. Journal of Consumer Research, 43, 549-566.
Fernández, J. & Labarta, F. (2009). Cómo crear una marca. Manual de uso y gestión. Córdoba: Almuzara.
Fernández, M. (2011). Comunicación y reputación en empresas e instituciones. Experiencias profesionales y propuestas prácticas. Madrid: Universitas S.A.
Fombrun, C. & Van Riel, C. (2004). Fame & Fortune. How successful companies build winning reputations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Foreman-Wernet, L. (2021). Sense-making Reputation: Examining Stakeholders’ Assessments of “Good” and “Bad” Companies. Ohio Communication Journal, 59, 32–48.
Freeman, E., Harrison, J., Wicks, A., Parmar, B. & Colle, S. (2010). Stakeholder theory. The state of the art. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Freeman, R. E. (1994). The politics of stakeholder theory: Some future directions. Business ethics quarterly, 409-421.
García, M. (2005). Arquitectura de marcas: Modelo general de la construcción de marcas y gestión de sus activos. Madrid: ESIC.
Gil, R., Vallejo, J., & Pérez, J. (2017). Gestión de la identidad corporativa: Evidencias en el sector bancario. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 22(2).
Griffin, A. (2009). New strategies for reputation management. Gaining control of issues, crises and corporate social responsibility. London: Kogan Page.
Hatch, M. & Schultz, M. (2000). Scaling the tower of Babel: relational differences between identity, image, and culture in organizations. En Schultz, M., Hatch, M. & Larsen, M. (Eds.), The expressive organization. Linking identity, reputation, and the corporate brand (11-35). New York: Oxford University Press.
Heller, E. (2009). Psicología del color. Cómo actúan los colores sobre los sentimientos y la razón. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili.
Hernández, R., Fernández, C. y Baptista, P. (2006). Metodología de la Investigación (4a edición). México: McGraw-Hill.
Herranz, J. & Salinas, F. (Eds.). (2004). La comunicación en el ámbito de la economía social. Ávila: Universidad Católica de Ávila.
Jackson, K. (2004). Building reputational capital. Strategies for integrity and fair play that improve the bottom line. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kapferer, J. (1992). La marca, capital de la empresa. Bilbao: Deusto.
Komisarjevsky, C. (2012). The power of reputation. Strengthen the asset that will make or break your career. New York: Amacom.
Laplume, A., Walker, K., Zhang, Z., & Yu, X. (2021). Incumbent Stakeholder Management Performance and New Entry. Journal of Business Ethics, 174(3), 629–644. https://doi-org.consultaremota.upb.edu.co/10.1007/s10551-020-04629-8
Larkin, J. (2003). Strategic reputation risk management. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Linsmeier, J. & Wheeler, E. (2021). The debate over subsequent accounting for goodwill. Accounting Horizons, 35(2), 107-128.
López, B. & Sebastián, A. (2009). Responsabilidad social corporativa y reputación corporativa. En Sánchez, J. & Pintado, T. (Eds.), Imagen corporativa. Influencia en la gestión empresarial (139-170). Madrid: ESIC.
Llopis, E. (2015). Crear la marca global. Modelo práctico de creación e internacionalización de marcas. Madrid: ESIC.
López, V. & Iglesias, S. (2010). Reputación y rendimiento sostenible en PYMES. Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 19(1), 87-106.
Martín, E. (2005). Nominología: cómo diseñar, seleccionar y proteger nombres de marca: dé un buen nombre a su negocio y échese a dormir. Madrid: FC Editorial.
Mercader, J. (2010). Fundaciones laborales, herramienta para canalizar la responsabilidad social empresarial. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch.
Miao, Y. (2021). Brand communication of intangible elements delivery. Journal of Marketing Communications, 27(3), 284–306. https://doi-org.consultaremota.upb.edu.co/10.1080/13527266.2019.1674363
Miranda, R. (2017). Identidad digital de la empresa: posicionamiento en redes sociales y reputación online. Harvard Deusto business review, (266), 56-62.
Mitchell, J. R., Mitchell, R. K., Hunt, R. A., Townsend, D. M., & Lee, J. H. (2022). Stakeholder Engagement, Knowledge Problems and Ethical Challenges. Journal of Business Ethics, 175(1), 75–94.
Modroño, M. (2019) Aproximación teórica al constructo amor a la marca. Dimensión Empresarial, 17(1).
Molleda, J. (2010). Identidad, autenticidad y reputación: una triada dinámica. En Sólanich, F. (Ed.), Relaciones públicas: reflexiones y desafíos (22-31). Santiago de Chile: Universidad del Pacífico.
Muñoz, M. (2010). Reputación corporativa: trustmark y activo de comportamientos adquisitivos futuros. Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios en Diseño y Comunicación, 33, 23-40.
Ogden, C. & Richards, I. (1984). El significado del significado. Barcelona: Paidos, 1984.
Orozco, J. & Ferré C. (2012). El ADN de la marca: La concepción de sus valores intangibles en un contexto dialogado. Signo y Pensamiento, 31(61), 56-71.
Orozco-Toro, J. (2018). Reputación corporativa. Gestión y comunicación de los valores intangibles de marca. Medellín: UPB.
París, J. (2013). La marca y sus significados. La Plata: Ediciones Haber.
Peirce, S. (1991). Peirce on Signs: Writings on Semiotic. USA: The University of North Carolina.
Péninou, G. (1976). Semiótica de la publicidad/Intelligence de la publicité: étude sémiotique. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili.
Phillips, B., McQuarrie, E. & Griffin, W. (2014). The Face of the Brand: How Art Directors Understand Visual Brand Identity. Journal of Advertising, 43(4), 318–332.
Pizzolante, I. (2009). Asumir el desafío de modelar el nuevo entorno empresarial o adecuarse a él. En Costa, J. (Ed.), Dircom. Estratega de la complejidad. Nuevos paradigmas para la dirección de la comunicación (77-86). Barcelona: Aldea Global.
Press, M. & Cooper, R. (2009). El diseño como experiencia. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, SL.
Quevedo, E. (2003). Reputación y creación de valor: una relación circular. Madrid: Thomson.
Rodríguez, A. (2005). Logo¿qué?: análisis teórico formal de los elementos que conforman el universo de la imagen corporativa. México: Siglo XXI.
Ros, V. & Castelló, A. (2011). La comunicación de la responsabilidad en los medios sociales. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 067, 47-67.
Sanz de la Tajada, L. (1994). Integración de la identidad y la imagen de la empresa. Madrid: ESIC.
Singh, D. (2013). The brand personality component of brand goodwill: some antecedents and consequences. Brand equity & advertising: Advertising’s role in building strong brands, 83.
Sorour, M. K., Boadu, M., & Soobaroyen, T. (2021). The role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Organisational Identity Communication, Co-Creation and Orientation. Journal of Business Ethics, 173(1), 89–108. https://doi-org.consultaremota.upb.edu.co/10.1007/s10551-020-04481-w
Tapia, A. (1991). De la retórica a la imagen. México: UAMX, División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño.
Van Riel, C. (1997). Comunicación corporativa. Madrid: Prentice Hall.
Vella, K. & Melewar, T. (2008). Explicating the relationship between identity and culture. En Melewar, T. (Ed.), Facets of corporate identity, communication and reputation (3-33). New York: Routledge.
Villafañe, J. (2004). La buena reputación. Claves del valor intangible de las empresas. Madrid: Pirámide.
Villafañe, J. (2009). Reputación corporativa y RSC: bases empíricas para un análisis. Telos: Cuadernos de comunicación e innovación, (79), 75-82.
Wong, W. (1995). Fundamentos del diseño. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili.
Yang, J., & Basile, K. (2022). Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility: External Stakeholder Involvement, Productivity and Firm Performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 178(2), 501–517.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Jaime Eduardo Alzate Sanz, Jaime Alberto Orozco-Toro
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Instructions for filling in the Certification of Originality and the Copyright Transfer:
Keep in mind that by pressing the "save and continue" button at the end, you are assuming all the ethical and legal commitments set forth herein. They establish the responsibilities of the legislation on intellectual property rights. For this it is assumed that whoever is carrying out the action of presenting the written work in good faith and represents himself and the other authors of the postulated article.
In this sense, the authors retain all the rights of which they are owners and authorize the free reproduction of the document sent. In the event of being necessary, they will assume, by pressing the "save and continue" button, the legal responsibility derived from the patrimonial rights which are free because of the non-payment by any procedure of the Journal.
Consequently, the author (s) represented by the person who advances the postulation of the article for evaluation and eventual publication,
I (We) declare:
1. I am (we are) the author (s) of the article {here is the name of the article placed automatically}.
2. This is an original work in accordance with the intellectual property law of Colombian copyright.
3. The content of the article of the reference has not been published and that it will not be submitted to any other means of publication in written or electronic support before knowing the decision of the Editorial Committee of Dimensión Empresarial.
4. The signer of this certification guarantees that the commitment acquired here does not infringe any third-party rights.
5. The publication authorization includes its electronic file and its adaptation, if necessary, for its incorporation in the network or in any electronic format or database, as well as attaching the necessary metadata to register the work, trademarks of water or any other security or protection system.
6. The publication authorization includes reproduction on digital media. As well as its distribution and making available through institutional archives through the Internet, distribute copies, and exhibit it in Colombia and outside the country, as well as include the article in national and international indexes.
7. The author assumes all responsibility, including compensation for damages, that could be exercised against the Universidad Autónoma del Caribe by third parties who violated their rights and interests because of the assignment.
For its part, Dimension Empresarial undertakes to respect in any case the rights of the author contained in Article 30 of Law 23 of 1982, or any after it and will make the article available to the users of the Journal so that make a legitimate use of it, as permitted by the applicable legislation, provided that its authorship is cited, commercial benefit is not obtained, and derivative works are not made.
The authors agree to accept the conditions of this intellectual property note, which will be applied to this submission when it is published in this journal.