Globalización financiera y crisis bancaria ¿producto de los cambios en las estructuras bancarias a partir de 1980?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15665/rde.v13i2.531Keywords:
Liberalización financiera, sistema financiero, tasas de intermediación, financiaciónAbstract
Este artículo busca explicar las transformaciones que ha tenido el sistema financiero en un marco de internacionalización de la actividad financiera y de capitales desde los años 80 y particularmente en los años 90. Se efectúa un análisis del papel de los bancos privados y la estructura con la que operaron en la crisis financiera de 2008, las fallas y vulnerabilidad que han generado en el mercado y en la economía, así como los obstáculos al financiamiento a largo plazo a algunos sectores productivos particulares. Se encuentra que el poder de monopolio, que se incrementó a raíz de la desregularización financiera y producto de la crisis económica, permitió a los grupos económicos bancarios más grandes del mundo incrementar su participación a nivel global. Así mismo, se encontró que los habitantes y empresarios de países más pobres se ven abocados a pagar tasas de interés más altas que las canceladas por los pobladores de países más ricos del planeta, lo cual se traduce en mayores costos para todos los agentes económicos que se desenvuelven en la economía de esos países y por tanto incide sobre la economía real, la generación de riqueza y la concentración de la misma.
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