Implementación de la metodología de síntesis y análisis de procesos a la etapa de cosecha de microalgas para la producción de biodiesel
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15665/rp.v10i1.405Keywords:
análisis y síntesis de procesos, microalgas, cosecha, biodiesel, floculación, energíaAbstract
Las microalgas son la materia prima más promisoria para la producción de biodiesel ya que alcanzan contenidos
de hasta un 80% en peso seco de aceites o carbohidratos dependiendo de la especie, que pueden ser utilizado en
la producción de biocombustibles, además requieren menos superficie para su cultivo en comparación con otras
materias primas como el maíz y la soya. En este trabajo se aplicó la metodología de síntesis y análisis de procesos
(ASP) a la etapa de cosecha del proceso de producción de biodiesel a partir de microalgas. Se realizó una revisión
bibliográfica de las alternativas para cosechar microalgas luego se evaluó y seleccionó el mejor método de acuerdo
a los criterios categorizados desde el punto de vista económico, impacto ambiental, seguridad, flexibilidad y controlabilidad.
Posteriormente se realizaron balances de masa y energía y se estimó costos energéticos, de materia
prima y de cosecha. Finalmente se determinó que la aplicación de un sistema de floculación química con agitación
hidráulica sería un método promisorio para cosechar microalgas en procesos a gran escala, con un requerimiento
energético de 21.88 kwh/ton de biomasa, un costo por materia prima de $ US 2345.2/h y un costo de recolección
de la biomasa de $US 0.06/m3 de caldo de cultivo.
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