Rotational magnetic field under the effect of saturation in rotational three-phase electrical machines

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15665/rp.v23i2.3818

Keywords:

Clarke Transform, Harmonic distortion, Park transform, Rotational magnetic field, Three-phase electrical machine

Abstract

The rotational magnetic field belongs to the classic topics of literature, regarding rotating electric machines in alternating current, however, from the literature it has been assumed that it describes a perfect circle around the stator. Previous studies have used models to estimate the behavior of the flow inside the machine, but the shape of the magnetic field face to the presence of saturation or harmonics is not clarified. This article shows the modeling of a three-phase stator of an electrical machine with concentrated windings, diametral pitch, two poles, at 60 Hz, built with magnetic material whose magnetization curve represents the nonlinear behavior of the core. The objective of the model is to evaluate the shape of the rotational magnetic field, obtained in front of different operating scenarios of the magnetization point, for this, the three-phase flux densities are projected in the ∞-ꞵ plane using the Clarke transform; where the shape of the rotating magnetic field is evaluated. The analysis is deepened with the projections of the ∞-ꞵ components on a synchronous reference frame dq, through the use of the Park transform. To obtain conclusions, the fast Fourier transform was applied to the components of the rotational magnetic field in dq and to the original magnetic flux densities, establishing the respective relationships with the shapes of the rotational magnetic field obtained. The tool used for the study was the environment Simulink of Matlab, which demonstrates that the magnetic field acquires a hexagonal shape as saturation becomes relevant, this due to the harmonic deformation present in the flux densities and the appearance of harmonics in the projection of the magnetic field on the direct axis.

Author Biographies

  • Luis David Pabón Fernandez, University of Pamplona

    Magister en controles Industriales, ingeniero eléctrico, grupo de investigación Sistemas energéticos, Universidad de Pamplona.

  • Aldo Pardo García, University of Pamplona

    Doctor en Complejos Eléctricos y Electrotécnicos por la Academia de Ciencias URSS y Cuba, Magíster en Ingeniería con énfasis en Automatización de la Agricultura y Especialista en Electrificación Agrícola por el Instituto de Mecanización y Automatización de la Agricultura. Es Ingeniero Eléctrico con énfasis en Electrónica por la misma institución.

  • Diego Armando Mejia Bugallo, University of Pamplona

    Magíster controles industriales, ingeniero en Mecatrónica e investigador del Grupo LOGOS de la Universidad de Pamplona (Colombia).

  • Laury Katherine Gualdron Godoy, University of Pamplona

    Ingeniera electrica, grupo de investigación LOGOS, Universidad de Pamplona.

References

H. Lu, W. Zheng, and Q. Jiang, “Saturation Magnetization of Ferromagnetic and Ferrimagnetic Nanocrystals at Room Temperature,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys, vol. 40, pp. 320–325, Jan. 2007, doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/40/2/006.

D. Rodriguez-Sotelo, M. Rodriguez-Licea, A. G. S. Sánchez, A. Espinosa, and F. Perez-Pinal, “Advanced Ferromagnetic Materials in Power Electronic Converters: A State of the Art,” IEEE Access, vol. PP, p. 1, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2982161.

S. D. Bittencourt, L. L. Cerva, L. Schaeffer, M. de M. Dias, J. C. K. de Verney, and J. L. Cezar, “Development of electrical machine with magnets and cores obtained by powder metallurgy,” Ciência & Tecnologia dos Materiais, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 80–90, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.ctmat.2017.09.001.

M. A. Rodriguez Pozueta, Máquinas Eléctricas. Universidad de Cantabria, 2018.

J. Chapman, Máquinas Eléctricas. 2009.

S. Yue, Y. Li, C. Zhang, and Q. Yang, “Considerations of the Magnetic Field Uniformity for 2-D Rotational Core Loss Measurement,” in 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2019, pp. 901–907. doi: 10.1109/ECCE.2019.8913047.

I. Zamudio-Ramirez, R. A. Osornio-Rios, J. A. Antonino-Daviu, H. Razik, and R. Romero-Troncoso, “Magnetic Flux Analysis for the Condition Monitoring of Electric Machines: A Review,” IEEE Trans Industr Inform, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 2895–2908, May 2022, doi: 10.1109/TII.2021.3070581.

Y. J. L. C. C. G. Z. and Q. X. Y. Li, “Rotational magnetic properties of silicon steel laminations by 3-D magnetic properties measurement,” in 2015 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD), Shanghai, China, 2015.

E. Mazaheri and J. Faiz, “Airgap and stray magnetic flux monitoring techniques for fault diagnosis of electrical machines: An overview,” IET Electr Power Appl, vol. 16, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1049/elp2.12157.

F. Haghjoo and A. Hasani, “A new air gap flux‐based technique to detect loss of field in synchronous generators,” IET Electr Power Appl, vol. 18, p. n/a-n/a, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.1049/elp2.12410.

H. Yaghobi, A novel Flux-Based Method for Synchronous Generator Loss of Excitation Protection. 2010.

X. Liang and C. A.-B.- Karim, “Harmonics and Mitigation Techniques Through Advanced Control in Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Sources: A Review,” IEEE Trans Ind Appl, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 3100–3111, 2018, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2018.2823680.

C. A. Barrera-Singaña and A. D. Valenzuela-Santillán, “Métodos de simulación de armónicos en sistemas eléctricos de potencia Harmonic simulation methods in power systems,” Iteckne, vol. 17, pp. 73–82, 2020.

M. A. Mazzoletti, P. D. Donolo, C. M. Pezzani, M. O. Oliveira, G. R. Bossio, and C. H. De Angelo, “Stator Faults Detection on Induction Motors Using Harmonic Sequence Current Components Analysis,” IEEE Latin America Transactions, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 726–734, Jun. 2021, [Online]. Available: https://latamt.ieeer9.org/index.php/transactions/article/view/3938

G. C. Lazaroiu, M. Costoiu, C. Carstea, N. Golovanov, O. Udrea, and M. Roscia, “Power quality management in a syderurgic factory,” in 2014 16th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), 2014, pp. 54–57. doi: 10.1109/ICHQP.2014.6842884.

J. M. Aller, MÁQUINAS ELÉCTRICAS ROTATIVAS: Introducción a la teoría general. Equinoccio, 2006.

J. F. Mora, Máquinas eléctricas, 5th ed. Mc Graw Hill, 2003.

T. G. Habetler, F. Profumo, M. Pastorelli, and L. M. Tolbert, “Direct torque control of induction machines using space vector modulation,” IEEE Trans Ind Appl, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 1045–1053, 1992, doi: 10.1109/28.158828.

H. Hu and Y. Li, “Applications of induction motor drive based on DTC in railway traction,” in Proceedings. International Conference on Power System Technology, 2002, pp. 2285–2289 vol.4. doi: 10.1109/ICPST.2002.1047191.

M. Vasudevan and R. Arumugam, “Different viable torque control schemes of induction motor for electric propulsion systems,” in Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 2004. 39th IAS Annual Meeting., 2004, pp. 2728–2737 vol.4. doi: 10.1109/IAS.2004.1348861.

Waelzholz, “Mayor eficiencia gracias a la chapa magnética de alta permeabilidad,” https://www.waelzholz.com/es/steel-materials/electrical-steel-strip/hp-cdw-permr-grades.html.

A. Abdul and A. Altahir, Park and Clark Transformations Park and Clark Transformations: A Short Review. 2020. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.20287.46241.

Downloads

Published

2025-08-22

Issue

Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Julio - Diciembre

Section

Articles

Categories

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Luis David Pabón Fernandez, Aldo Pardo García, Diego Armando Mejia Bugallo, Laury Katherine Gualdron Godoy

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

The authors to publish in this journal agree to the following conditions:

  1. The authors transfer the copyright and give the the journal first publication right of the work registered with Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows third parties to use the published work on the condition of always mentioning the authorship and first publication in this journal.
  2. The authors may perform other independent and additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this issue (E.g., Inclusion in an institutional repository or publication in a book), it must be indicated clearly that the work was first published in this journal.
  3. It allows and encourages the authors to publish their work online (eg institutional or personal pages) before and during the review and publication process. It can lead to productive exchanges and greater and faster dissemination of the published work (see The Effect of Open Access)

Instructions to fill out Certificate of Originality and Copyright Assignment

  1. Click here and get the forms of Certificate of Originality and Copyright Assignment  .
  2. In each field to fill out, click and complete the corresponding information.
  1. Once the fields are filled out, at the end of the form copy your scanned signature or digital signature. Please adjust the size of the signature on the form.
  2. Finally, you can save them as pdf files and send them through the OJS platform as an attachment.