Journal Prospectiva
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description: The Journal Prospectiva is a scientific and technical publication that aims to encourage the publication of research articles and technological development in the various branches of engineering and education. The Journal is aimed at teachers, researchers and students of engineering and related careers that promote the advancement of knowledge applied to the development of technology towards the consolidation of a scientific community nationwide with national and international circulation. Indexed and summarized in: SciELO Colombia, Scielo CitationIndex, DOAJ, EBSCO, LATINDEX, RedALyC, CLACSO-RedAlyC, PUBLINDEX, DIALNET Indexed Publindex II - Category B 2020.ISSN online: 2216-1368ISSN printed: 1692-8261
publisher: Universidad Autónoma del Caribe
language: en
publication name: Journal Prospectiva
issn: 1692-8261
copyright: The authors to publish in this journal agree to the following conditions: The authors transfer the copyright and give the the journal first publication right of the work registered with Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows third parties to use the published work on the condition of always mentioning the authorship and first publication in this journal. The authors may perform other independent and additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this issue (E.g., Inclusion in an institutional repository or publication in a book), it must be indicated clearly that the work was first published in this journal. It allows and encourages the authors to publish their work online (eg institutional or personal pages) before and during the review and publication process. It can lead to productive exchanges and greater and faster dissemination of the published work (see The Effect of Open Access) Instructions to fill out Certificate of Originality and Copyright Assignment Click here and get the forms of Certificate of Originality and Copyright Assignment . In each field to fill out, click and complete the corresponding information. Once the fields are filled out, at the end of the form copy your scanned signature or digital signature. Please adjust the size of the signature on the form. Finally, you can save them as pdf files and send them through the OJS platform as an attachment.
items: RETRACCIÓN FORMAL
items: Controlled incubation system for the growth of Aspergillus flavus with intelligent control and visual monitoring in LabVIEW
items: Optimization of 3D Printing Parameters by FDM in PLA to Maximize Flexural Strength
items: Exploring Methods for MRI Artifact Correction
items: Sensibilidad en estructuras de guías de onda Strip y Rib con material SU-8 en Interferómetro Mach Zehnder
items: INFLUENCE OF K₂O AND MgO DOPING ON CoMo-Cu/Al₂O₃ CATALYST FOR THE HYDRODEOXYGENATION OF GUAIACOL
items: Dimensional Optimization Process of a Boat for Riverine Combat Training Simulation
items: Interactive virtual assistant for addressing motorcycle-related queries using RAG
items: Productivity in the limestone mining companies of La Guajira, Colombia
items: http://ojs.uac.edu.co/index.php/prospectiva/en/article/view/3734
items: MICROMETRIC SCREW: DYNAMIC SIMULATION IN GEOGEBRA AS A DIDACTIC RESOURCE.
items: Rotational magnetic field under the effect of saturation in rotational three-phase electrical machines
items: Modelación tridimensional y realidad virtual: una propuesta tecnológica para la educación ambiental y geocientífica
items: The Process debt management in software development teams: a systematic review of the literature
items: Metallography of Al5 Mg and Al10 Mg alloys modified with 2% Zn after thermal aging treatment
items: Systematic Analysis of Methanol Synthesis Processes to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Combined Cycle Power Plants
items: Evaluación Espaciotemporal de la Peligrosidad en Peatones por Inundaciones Urbanas Basada en un Modelo Hidrodinámico de Drenaje Dual
items: Hardware Implementation of FPIC Controllers for Discrete-Time Chaotic Systems Using LabVIEW-FPGA
items: System for energy efficiency in educational buildings using IoT technologies
items: Aplicación de la Metodología de Teoría de Colas Evaluando la Eficiencia y Productividad en el Sector Ferretero
items: Evaluation of the mathematical Simpson's method for asbestos-cement de-tection in hyperspectral images
items: Logistics operators of gypsum companies in La Guajira, Colombia
items: Statistical modeling of videostreaming traffic in a virtualized mobile network using open source software platforms
items: Architectural Evolution at Netflix: A Case Study on Microservices and the Transformation from Monolithic to Scalable Systems.
items: Remote Monitoring of Diabetic Patients Using Wireless Mobile Technologies Seguimiento Remoto de Pacientes Diabéticos Mediante Tecnologías Móviles Inalámbricas
items: Characterization of a bocashi produced with plant residues and different additives in a cold climate
items: The use of mobile and web applications for enhancing agricultural product commercialization: a systematic review
items: Data mining and development of software with artificial intelligence focused on detecting visa approval profiles for the United States
items: Curvas de operación de métricas Seis Sigma para evaluar la calidad de un proceso de producción paralelo convergente
items: http://ojs.uac.edu.co/index.php/prospectiva/en/article/view/3385

RETRACCIÓN FORMAL
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description: La Revista PROSPECTIVA informa a su comunidad académica que el artículo titulado “Potencial biotecnológico de levaduras identificadas en Norte de Santander”, publicado el 10 de febrero de 2022, ha sido retractado completamente, siguiendo las directrices del Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
subject: Articles
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creator: Carlos Henriquez Miranda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Henriquez Miranda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-16
publication date: 2025-12-16
doi: 10.15665/rp.v20i1.3902

Controlled incubation system for the growth of Aspergillus flavus with intelligent control and visual monitoring in LabVIEW
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description: This article presents the design and implementation of a controlled incubation system for the growth of Aspergillus flavus, aimed at supporting experimental studies under regulated environmental conditions. The system incorporates a temperature sensor (PT1000) and humidity sensor (DHT22), a thermal conditioning module based on Peltier cells, and an ultrasonic humidifier; integrated through a control architecture that combines classical and intelligent techniques. A dynamic model of the thermal loop was obtained through parametric identification, enabling the evaluation of PID controllers tuned using the Ziegler–Nichols method, an optimal I-PD configuration, and a fuzzy PD controller. Experimental results show that the I-PD controller provides the best performance, achieving 0% overshoot, a steady-state error of 0.005 °C, and robustness against disturbances. The physical prototype maintained stable operating conditions between 25–37 °C and relative humidity above 85%, with a maximum deviation of 0.2 °C during 10 hours of continuous operation. Additionally, a real-time visual monitoring module was integrated to document fungal growth through RGB channel separation, enabling non-invasive observation of morphological development. The results confirm the feasibility of the system for controlled fungal incubation studies.
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creator: Daniel Esteban Cobo Urrea
creator: Oscar Javier Suarez Sierra
creator: Aldo Pardo Garcia
creator: Daniel Camilo Ruiz Ayala
creator: Liliana Rojas Contreras
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Daniel Esteban Cobo Urrea, Oscar Javier Suarez Sierra, Aldo Pardo Garcia, Daniel Camilo Ruiz Ayala, Liliana Rojas Contreras https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.15665/rp.v24i1.3901

Optimization of 3D Printing Parameters by FDM in PLA to Maximize Flexural Strength
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description: Additive manufacturing through fused deposition modeling (FDM) has become a viable alternative for producing functional polymer components. This study evaluates the influence of three printing parameters—nozzle diameter, number of perimeters, and infill density—on the flexural strength of polylactic acid (PLA) specimens. A full 2³ factorial design with a central point was implemented, generating 45 specimens printed under controlled conditions and tested according to ASTM D790-10. Results show that flexural strength values exceeded the manufacturer’s reported value (55.16 MPa), reaching a maximum of 127.91 MPa with a 1.2 mm nozzle, 10 perimeters, and 50% infill density. Statistical analysis revealed that nozzle diameter and number of perimeters had significant positive effects, while infill density showed a minor contribution. It is concluded that optimizing extrusion and geometric parameters can substantially enhance the structural performance of PLA parts manufactured by FDM, providing guidelines for applications where mechanical strength is critical.
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creator: Juan Leonardo Martínez Barrera
creator: Rafael Bolívar León
creator: Jarol Derley Ramon Valencia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Juan Leonardo Martínez Barrera, Rafael Bolívar León, Jarol Derley Ramon Valencia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.15665/rp.v24i1.3836

Exploring Methods for MRI Artifact Correction
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description: Artifact correction in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) spans from acquisition/reconstruction and hardware strategies to rapidly evolving deep learning (DL) approaches. We conducted a PRISMA-ScR–aligned scoping review to map what is corrected, how it is evaluated, and where evidence gaps persist. PubMed and Scopus were searched over the last five years and complemented by hand-searching. For each record we charted artifact family, MRI sequence and field strength, data source (real vs. simulated), method class, evaluation metrics, and code/data availability. The core synthesis comprises 16 MRI studies: 11 MRI+DL investigations (dominated by U-Net variants with some recurrent/transformer models) and 5 traditional or hybrid MRI techniques (e.g., motion-robust acquisitions, metal-artifact reduction). Two additional DL papers in related modalities were retained as context only to discuss transferability and were excluded from counts, tables, and metrics. DL methods show strong gains in targeted scenarios, while traditional techniques remain reliable baselines. However, heterogeneity in datasets and protocols, scarce multicenter validation, and the lack of open, task-standardized benchmarks limit comparability and clinical generalizability.
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creator: Jesus David Rios Perez
creator: German Sanchez Torres
creator: John Branch Bedoya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jesus David Rios Perez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.15665/rp.v24i1.3853

Sensibilidad en estructuras de guías de onda Strip y Rib con material SU-8 en Interferómetro Mach Zehnder
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description: Silicon technology, widely used in photonics, is expensive due to the fabrication processes and infrastructure required. In contrast, polymers offer a cheaper and more versatile alternative for the fabrication of photonic devices. Therefore, companies are looking for new technologies and methodologies to develop photonic interferometers with lower cost and higher efficiency, driving research in innovative materials such as polymers. The objective of the article is to compare the sensitivity of Strip and Rib waveguide structures with SU-8 material implemented in a Mach Zehnder Interferometer. The methodology contemplates ten phases called geometry definition, physical phenomenon selection, waveguide selection, parameters definition, simulation area definition, finite element simulation, propagation modes analysis, cut-off curves analysis, interferometer design and Mach Zehnder Interferometer sensitivity analysis. As a result, the Strip structure with core height of 220 nm achieves the highest sensitivity of 57.51× rad/RIU, and a detection limit of 7.10× RIU. It is concluded that the Strip type structure, fabricated from SU-8 material, is a viable alternative for precision optical sensors, with the additional advantage in reduced fabrication costs of the Mach Zehnder Interferometer.
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creator: Jhon Jairo Vejar Caballero
creator: Jesús Álvarez Guerrero
creator: Oriana Alexandra López Bustamante
creator: Karla Cecilia Puerto López
creator: Byron Medina Delgado
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jhon Jairo Vejar Caballero, Jesús Álvarez Guerrero, Oriana Alexandra López Bustamante, Karla Cecilia Puerto López, Byron Medina Delgado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.15665/rp.v24i1.3848

INFLUENCE OF K₂O AND MgO DOPING ON CoMo-Cu/Al₂O₃ CATALYST FOR THE HYDRODEOXYGENATION OF GUAIACOL
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description: In this study, the textural, structural, and morphological properties, as well as the catalytic activity, of CoMo₆-Cu/Al₂O₃ catalysts modified with K₂O and MgO were analyzed during the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol. BET analysis revealed that the incorporation of MgO significantly decreased the surface area (215 m²/g) and pore volume (0.350 cm³/g) compared to the K₂O-doped catalyst, which exhibited higher values (252 m²/g and 0.432 cm³/g), likely due to partial pore blockage by MgO. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the predominant presence of γ-Al₂O₃ in all samples, with crystalline MgO phases detected in Al₂O₃-MgO. In contrast, K₂O was not detected in Al₂O₃-K₂O, suggesting a high surface dispersion of potassium. HRTEM micrographs showed a lamellar MoS₂ structure, with greater crystallite lengths (5.32 nm) and stacking numbers (4.48) in the MgO-containing catalyst, compared to 3.64 nm and 2.46 layers in the K₂O-doped sample, indicating a higher density of active edge and corner atoms. Regarding catalytic performance, CoMo₆-Cu/Al₂O₃ exhibited the highest guaiacol conversion (99.6%) and selectivity to phenol (74.5%), while K₂O favored xylene formation (82.8%) and MgO enhanced cresol production (31.5%). These results indicate that the type of dopant significantly influences the catalyst structure and behavior, leading to distinct reaction pathways.
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creator: Olga Lucia Ayala Díaz
creator: Leidy Guzman
creator: Esneyder puello polo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Olga Lucia Ayala Díaz, Leidy Guzman , Esneyder puello polo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.15665/rp.v24i1.3787

Dimensional Optimization Process of a Boat for Riverine Combat Training Simulation
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description: This work presents the basic design phase for the dimensional optimization of a training boat to be used in a riverine combat simulator prototype for operational training the of Colombian Navy. The prototype system will operate on a motion platform capable of realistically reproducing the dynamic and ergonomic conditions required for trainees to gain hands-on experience in riverboat operations. Through a geometric, structural, and kinematic qualitative analysis of three representative shallow-draft boat models, critical variables were identified, including load distribution, crew arrangement, and dynamic response. The resulting design reduces the scale and weight of the vessel for integration into commercially available three-degree-of-freedom platforms, prioritizing the pilot and bow gunner positions as key points of interaction. This optimization enhances mechanical control, system response agility, and energy efficiency, while simultaneously reducing manufacturing, transportation, and operational costs.
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creator: Carlos Mario Soto Montaño
creator: Aldo Lovo Ayala
creator: Armando Guerrero Mondul
creator: José Escorcia Gutierrez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Carlos Mario Soto Montaño, Aldo Lovo Ayala, Armando Guerrero Mondul , José Escorcia Gutierrez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.15665/rp.v24i1.3838

Interactive virtual assistant for addressing motorcycle-related queries using RAG
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description: This work presents the design and implementation of an interactive virtual assistant designed to resolve technical inquiries about motorcycles, specifically the Boxer CT100 KS. The system was built using a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) approach, combined with large language models (LLMs), and operates entirely locally through a web interface with a 2D avatar. The knowledge base was generated from technical manuals, which were processed and stored in a vector database. Multiple combinations of embedding and generative models were evaluated using frameworks such as RAGAS and DeepEval, applying metrics like faithfulness, context precision, and answer relevancy. The results allowed the identification of optimal system configurations, where the best ones excelled in key metrics —such as the sentence-transformers embedding model combined with the Llama-3.3-70b language model, achieving a faithfulness score of 0.964 and context precision of 0.971 in RAGAS-Mistral, and the intfloat/multilingual-e5-base embedding model with Llama-3.3-70b, reaching an answer relevancy of 0.971 in DeepEval-Llama3—, demonstrating the feasibility of customized and private AI-based technical assistance solutions. Improvements are proposed through the incorporation of multimodal capabilities and the expansion of the technical corpus.
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creator: William Andres Velasquez Ruiz
creator: Angel Andres Martinez Oñate
creator: Juan Pablo Hoyos Sánchez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 William Andres Velasquez Ruiz, Angel Andres Martinez Oñate, Juan Pablo Hoyos Sánchez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.15665/rp.v24i1.3828

Productivity in the limestone mining companies of La Guajira, Colombia
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description: This article analyzed productivity in the limestone mining companies of La Guajira. The type of research is descriptive, not experimental. The study population is located 5.1 kilometers from the municipality of Distracción, La Guajira, 40 workers are dedicated to the activity of artisanal mining. It was found that the logistical aspects are deficient, this in turn negatively affects productivity, aggravating the situation in winter seasons, where it drops between 20% and 40%, decreasing the possibilities of artisanal lime mining being sustained over time. It was concluded that the companies studied lack an integrated perspective of the logistics chain and do not incorporate the principles of integral logistics in their operations. This limits their ability to transform their activities into a true strategic asset, which could translate into excellent service and greater added value.
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creator: Danny Daniel López Juvinao
creator: Leanis Elisabeth Choles Polo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Danny Daniel López Juvinao, Leanis Elisabeth Choles Polo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.15665/rp.v24i1.3759

http://ojs.uac.edu.co/index.php/prospectiva/en/article/view/3734
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title: Análisis de contaminantes generados por el relleno sanitario “La Cortada” en el suelo y la Quebrada Zipachá, aplicando métodos geofísicos, fisicoquímicos y microbiologicos, Pamplona, Norte de Santander (Colombia)
description: Los rellenos sanitarios son zonas ubicadas estratégicamente cómo zonas de acopio de material, los cuales requieren de operación planificada, mantenimiento, recubrimiento de geomembranas, entre otros. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar contaminantes generados por el relleno sanitario “La Cortada” en el suelo y la Quebrada Zipachá, aplicando métodos geofísicos, fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos Pamplona, Norte de Santander (Colombia). Metodológicamente inicialmente se realizó revisión en bases de datos académicos y científico, posteriormente se aplicaron métodos geofísicos (Sondeo Eléctrico Vertical (SEV)), análisis fisicoquímicos, microbiológicos y líneas de tomografía de resistividad eléctrica (TRE). Se identificó la presencia de metales pesados, incluyendo hierro, manganeso, cobre, zinc, plomo y cromo, en el suelo del área de estudio, lo cual se atribuye al manejo inadecuado de los lixiviados provenientes del relleno sanitario “La Cortada”. La infiltración de estos lixiviados ha causado alteraciones fisicoquímicas significativas en el suelo, resultando en un aumento de la concentración de metales tóxicos que exceden los niveles permisibles establecidos por normativas internacionales.
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creator: Francy Juliana Velandia González
creator: Janer Rafael Cantillo Romero
creator: Alba Lucia Roa Parra
creator: Dino Carmelo Manco Jaraba
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 DINO CARMELO MANCO JARABA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.15665/rp.v24i1.3734

MICROMETRIC SCREW: DYNAMIC SIMULATION IN GEOGEBRA AS A DIDACTIC RESOURCE.
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description: The experimental development in middle and higher education institutions can be enriched through the implementation of complementary tools, such as simulations, since these can function as an addition to a real laboratory practice. The objective is to teach students to read and use a micrometer screw properly, through the creation of a dynamic simulation in GeoGebra. To implement learning strategies, two activities were developed: the first one aimed at recognizing measurements with the micrometer screw, and the second one aimed at verifying the student's ability to read the measurement correctly. For the creation of the simulation, dynamic variables were implemented using sliders, measurement elements were generated using texts and sequences of segments, and finally, interactive tools such as buttons, texts, and input boxes were used for the implementation of the activities.
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creator: Fabián Jalk Duque
creator: Sonia Valbuena Duarte
creator: Francisco Juan Racedo Niebles
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fabián Jalk Duque, Sonia Valbuena Duarte, Francisco Juan Racedo Niebles https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.15665/rp.v24i1.3784

Rotational magnetic field under the effect of saturation in rotational three-phase electrical machines
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description: The rotational magnetic field belongs to the classic topics of literature, regarding rotating electric machines in alternating current, however, from the literature it has been assumed that it describes a perfect circle around the stator. Previous studies have used models to estimate the behavior of the flow inside the machine, but the shape of the magnetic field face to the presence of saturation or harmonics is not clarified. This article shows the modeling of a three-phase stator of an electrical machine with concentrated windings, diametral pitch, two poles, at 60 Hz, built with magnetic material whose magnetization curve represents the nonlinear behavior of the core. The objective of the model is to evaluate the shape of the rotational magnetic field, obtained in front of different operating scenarios of the magnetization point, for this, the three-phase flux densities are projected in the ∞-ꞵ plane using the Clarke transform; where the shape of the rotating magnetic field is evaluated. The analysis is deepened with the projections of the ∞-ꞵ components on a synchronous reference frame dq, through the use of the Park transform. To obtain conclusions, the fast Fourier transform was applied to the components of the rotational magnetic field in dq and to the original magnetic flux densities, establishing the respective relationships with the shapes of the rotational magnetic field obtained. The tool used for the study was the environment Simulink of Matlab, which demonstrates that the magnetic field acquires a hexagonal shape as saturation becomes relevant, this due to the harmonic deformation present in the flux densities and the appearance of harmonics in the projection of the magnetic field on the direct axis.
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creator: Luis David Pabón Fernandez
creator: Aldo Pardo García
creator: Diego Armando Mejia Bugallo
creator: Laury Katherine Gualdron Godoy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Luis David Pabón Fernandez, Aldo Pardo García, Diego Armando Mejia Bugallo, Laury Katherine Gualdron Godoy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-22
publication date: 2025-08-22
doi: 10.15665/rp.v23i2.3818

Modelación tridimensional y realidad virtual: una propuesta tecnológica para la educación ambiental y geocientífica
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description: El desarrollo educativo en las últimas décadas ha experimentado cambios significativos o sustanciales debido a la incorporación de tecnologías digitales emergentes. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo generar modelos 3D utilizando fotogrametría con el algoritmo Structure From Motion (SfM) en el software Agisoft Metashape, integrándolos en entornos de realidad aumentada y creando réplicas en impresión 3D como herramienta educativa y de investigación. Metodológicamente realizó revisión del estado del arte en las diferentes bases de datos académicas y científicas, con el fin de conocer las tendencias referentes a la fotogrametría y plataformas de realidad aumentada. Posteriormente, se tomaron muestras de rocas, minerales y fósiles para la fotogrametría de corto alcance y a su vez la fotogrametría digital. Para la generación de modelos tridimensionales se utilizó el software Agisoft Metashape Professional como herramienta especializada en procesamiento fotogramétrico orientada a la reconstrucción 3D de objetos mediante imágenes digitales. En conclusión, la generación de modelos tridimensionales a partir de fotogrametría digital utilizando el algoritmo Structure From Motion (SfM) en Agisoft Metashape demostró ser una metodología eficiente y precisa para la reconstrucción geométrica de muestras geológicas. Esta técnica permitió obtener representaciones digitales con alta fidelidad morfológica, lo que valida su aplicabilidad no solo en la documentación científica y académica, sino también como recurso pedagógico accesible y replicable en distintos entornos educativos.
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creator: Adrián Alejandro Gonzalez-Gutierrez
creator: Brayan Javier Orozco Rodriguez
creator: Wilder Alberto Ocampo Ochoa
creator: Dino Carmelo Manco Jaraba
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Adrián Alejandro Gonzalez-Gutierrez, Brayan Javier Orozco Rodriguez, Wilder Alberto Ocampo Ochoa, Dino Carmelo Manco Jaraba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.15665/rp.v24i1.3781

The Process debt management in software development teams: a systematic review of the literature
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description: Process debt refers to the occurrence of deficiencies in the design or infrastructure of suboptimal processes that; although they may be beneficial in the short term, can generate a negative impact in the long term for the stakeholders in the process, for example: cost overruns, delays, team demotivation, among others. Several solutions proposed in the literature were analyzed, including evaluation frameworks, automation tools and predictive models, as well as the challenges inherent to process debt management, such as: lack of standardization, difficulty of identification, among others. The interrelationship between process debt and other types of debt, such as: technical, social and documentation debt, was also noted, highlighting the need for more comprehensive approaches. The findings suggest that further development and empirical validation is required, as well as a concerted effort to align industry practices with emerging theoretical models. This review offers researchers and practitioners the opportunity to recognize artifacts, gaps and research techniques present, which will allow them to analyze, refine, improve or strengthen their own contributions, as well as deepen those already established.
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creator: Braian Alexis Bastidas Diaz
creator: Astrid Carolina Cruz Trochez
creator: César Jesús Pardo Calvache
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Braian Alexis Bastidas Diaz, Astrid Carolina Cruz Trochez, César Jesús Pardo Calvache https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.15665/rp.v24i1.3741

Metallography of Al5 Mg and Al10 Mg alloys modified with 2% Zn after thermal aging treatment
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description: Modern society has the need to obtain materials with better characteristics that help in the use of various applications, so it has always sought new alloys with weight/resistance ratios. In the current work research was carried out on the influence of the addition of a small amount of zinc (2%) on the mechanical properties of two representative aluminum alloys - Magnesium (Al5 Mg and Al10 Mg). The methodology used has several phases, first with a bibliographic study on the principles and fundamentals of heat treatments, subsequently the design of the laundry was carried out by which the specimens are obtained under optimal conditions for the development of this work. Experimental development consists of the selection of the molding medium, model design, fusion and the process of heat treatment of artificial and natural aging of the modified Aluminium-Magnesium alloy, subsequently analysis of the influence of cooling speed, metallographic analysis and grain size. Concluding the coking at high cooling speeds and the poor colability of the alloy results in a very rapid solidification of the specimen, having the characteristic of a fine grain size and absence of macroscopic porosities, as well as a clean and bright surface finish; the temperature and time of heat treatment had a great influence on the variation in grain size due to the solute concentration of each specimen.
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creator: Álvaro José Cotes Toro
creator: Dino Carmelo Manco Jaraba
creator: Carlos Alberto Socarras Bertiz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Álvaro José Cotes Toro, DINO CARMELO MANCO JARABA, Carlos Alberto Socarras Bertiz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-22
publication date: 2025-08-22
doi: 10.15665/rp.v23i2.3698

Systematic Analysis of Methanol Synthesis Processes to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Combined Cycle Power Plants
type: item
description: Due to the increase in the overall energy demand, the methanol synthesis processes, Carbon Capture and Carbon Storage technologies applied in Combined Cycle Power Plants have presented a notable improvement in the application of chemical processes and carbon neutral energy sources to produce efficient synthetic fuels capable to reduce the CO2 emissions in systems of power generation. Therefore, this bibliometric analysis offers a comprehensive exploration of the leading technologies capable of produce the synthetic fuels needed to improve the environmental conditions of and mitigate the effects of climate change. A research equation defines the metadata from 3212 publications between 2012 to 2023 using Web of Science data base. Then, A qualitative study is presented with VOSViewer and Bibliometrix software to determine the most relevant keywords of CC and CS methods and their application in the production of synthetic fuels and schemes of thermal power plants. Then, a specific analysis of the metadata from the last five years is presented with 2329 published articles, 221 sources and 8604 authors to offer a better insight of the research trends, the most relevant sources, principal authors, and collaborations between the main affiliations in the study of syngas production technologies.
subject: Articles
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creator: José Miguel Sánchez De La Hoz
creator: Rafael Ramírez-Restrepo
creator: Alexander Troncoso-Palacio
creator: David Blanco Álvarez
creator: Mario Carbonó De La Rosa
creator: Gloria López González
creator: Pedro Orozco Cury
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 José Miguel Sánchez De La Hoz, Rafael Ramírez-Restrepo, Alexander Troncoso-Palacio, David Blanco Álvarez, Mario Carbonó De La Rosa, Gloria López González, Pedro Orozco Cury https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-14
publication date: 2026-03-14
doi: 10.15665/rp.v24i1.3700

Evaluación Espaciotemporal de la Peligrosidad en Peatones por Inundaciones Urbanas Basada en un Modelo Hidrodinámico de Drenaje Dual
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description: Flood events and the associated risks in cities around the world are increasingly gaining attention, becoming a critical factor in developing countries, where the danger posed to pedestrians due to flow instability remains less studied and understood. This research article presents a spatiotemporal assessment of pedestrian hazard due to instability caused by pluvial flooding, based on results obtained from the hydrodynamic modeling of an urban catchment in the city of Cúcuta, Colombia. The model was developed using the Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM), which allowed the simulation of flow velocity and water depth along streets under flood conditions for different return periods (50 and 100 years). The model was calibrated using observed water depth data derived from computer vision techniques in MATLAB. The hydraulic variables obtained from the hydrodynamic model enabled the analysis of the spatial and temporal variation in pedestrian hazard levels for the different return periods considered in the study. The evaluation identified street segments with high, medium, and low levels of pedestrian hazard and estimated their changes throughout the rainfall event. These results provide valuable insights for local decision-makers to identify areas prone to elevated hazard levels and to support the development of preventive and mitigation strategies in the face of future climate impacts.
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creator: Diego Ivan Sanchez Tapiero
creator: Carlos Alexis Bonilla Granados
creator: Jarol Derley Ramon Valencia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Diego Ivan Sanchez Tapiero, Carlos Alexis Bonilla Granados, Jarol Derley Ramon Valencia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-22
publication date: 2025-08-22
doi: 10.15665/rp.v23i2.3757

Hardware Implementation of FPIC Controllers for Discrete-Time Chaotic Systems Using LabVIEW-FPGA
type: item
description: This paper presents the hardware implementation of control algorithms based on the Fixed-Point Inducting Control (FPIC) technique applied to chaotic systems. Three discrete-time chaotic maps—Logistic, Fold, and Flip—were analyzed in both coupled and uncoupled configurations. For each system, equilibrium points were analytically determined. The control strategy was implemented using LabVIEW-FPGA to generate and stabilize chaotic behaviors in real time, and the results were validated against Matlab simulations. Bifurcation diagrams were obtained to identify parameter regions leading to chaotic or stable behaviors. All systems were implemented using 16-bit fixed-point arithmetic, demonstrating the feasibility of FPGA-based realization of FPIC-controlled chaotic systems. The proposed prototyping setup provides a valuable platform for rapid testing of chaos-based control strategies and their potential applications in secure communications and nonlinear systems.
subject: Articles
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creator: Heiner Castro
creator: Carlos Robles
creator: John Taborda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Heiner Castro, Carlos Robles, John Taborda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-22
publication date: 2025-08-22
doi: 10.15665/rp.v23i2.3767

System for energy efficiency in educational buildings using IoT technologies
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description: This paper addresses the design and implementation of a system that utilizes Internet of Things (IoT) technology for the efficient monitoring and management of energy consumption in educational infrastructure. By incorporating automation and control strategies, energy inefficiencies were detected, leading to the formulation and implementation of corrective measures that contribute to optimizing energy use and reducing operating costs. The validation was carried out experimentally in a computer lab at an educational institution located in Pamplona (NS), where an automated control scheme was implemented. It consists of presence, lighting, motion, and electrical energy consumption sensors. For the development of the IoT environment, different hardware and software technologies were selected, allowing the installation of a distributed sensor network in different strategic locations within the classroom, facilitating the collection and analysis of real-time data on environmental and electrical parameters of the equipment and energy-consuming elements. The results obtained showed a significant decrease in energy consumption, reflecting a positive impact on both the institution's operating costs and environmental sustainability.
subject: Articles
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creator: Fernando José Moreno Arrieta
creator: Carlos Arturo Vides Herrera
creator: Claudia Camila Ropero Castillo
creator: Jarol Derley Ramón Valencia
creator: Daniel Camilo Ruiz Ayala
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fernando José Moreno Arrieta, Carlos Arturo Vides Herrera, Claudia Camila Ropero Castillo, Jarol Derley Ramón Valencia, Daniel Camilo Ruiz Ayala https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-23
publication date: 2025-05-23
doi: 10.15665/rp.v23i1.3768

Aplicación de la Metodología de Teoría de Colas Evaluando la Eficiencia y Productividad en el Sector Ferretero
type: item
description: El presente artículo muestra como la aplicación de teoría de colas permite medir la eficiencia, calidad, capacidad del sistema y por ende, el aumento de la productividad en un sector tan competitivo como lo son las ferreterías, se realizó inicialmente con el diagnóstico de satisfacción a trabajadores y clientes seguido de la toma de tiempos de servicio y de espera que nos permitió obtener el nivel de insatisfacción por parte de los clientes y empleados. La investigación contó con dos poblaciones de objeto de estudio: clientes permanente y transitorios que están directamente relacionados con el servicio y a los empleados se les aplicaron encuestas de satisfacción, el tipo de investigación fue Mixto con un enfoque descriptiva y cuantitativa. Al finalizar arroja que el número de trabajadores que atiende el servicio es insuficiente, por lo que se hace necesario revisar y ajustar la contratación relacionada con esta área de la empresa.
subject: Articles
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creator: Sandra Milena Castro Escobar
creator: Zoraima Victalia Peñaranda Ayala
creator: Jarol Derley Ramón Valencia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sandra Milena Castro Escobar, Zoraima Peñaranda Ayala, Jarol Derley Ramón Valencia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-22
publication date: 2025-08-22
doi: 10.15665/rp.v23i2.3670

Evaluation of the mathematical Simpson's method for asbestos-cement de-tection in hyperspectral images
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description: Based on the challenge in hyperspectral images related to identifying effective and efficient methods for material detection, given the high dimensionality associated with spectral bands, this article proposes a novel method for asbestos detection in hyperspectral images. The method is based on the application of Simpson's method to calculate the area under the curve of the asbestos-cement spectral signature and the difference between areas corresponding to pixels of asbestos and other materials. For the development of this research, five methodological phases were defined as follows: F1. Acquisition of sample pixels of asbestos-cement and other materials, F2. Determination of the normalized characteristic pixel of asbestos-cement and its area under the curve, F3. Implementation of the method and identification of detection thresholds using pixels of asbestos and other materials, F4. Deployment of the method on the reference hyperspectral image, F5. Evaluation of the method’s effectiveness and efficiency compared to the correlation method. In terms of results, the proposed method showed greater effectiveness in detecting asbestos-cement within the spectral bands 48 to 157. Similarly, it was found that, computationally, the proposed method is 1.79% more efficient than the correlation method, which is one of the most widely used approaches for material detection in hyperspectral images. Based on these results, the proposed method can serve as a reference for extrapolation to the detection of other materials in these images and can also be integrated into material monitoring systems using hyperspectral images.
subject: Articles
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subject: visited
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creator: Gabriel Elías Chanchí Golondrino
creator: Manuel Alejandro Ospina Alarcón
creator: Manuel Saba
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gabriel Elías Chanchí Golondrino, Manuel Alejandro Ospina Alarcón, Manuel Saba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-22
publication date: 2025-08-22
doi: 10.15665/rp.v23i2.3722

Logistics operators of gypsum companies in La Guajira, Colombia
type: item
description: This article analyzed the operation of logistics operators in gypsum companies in La Guajira. The research is descriptive-explanatory and non-experimental in nature. This study was conducted in mining companies located in the department of La Guajira, engaged in gypsum mining in the municipalities of Manaure and Uribia. The implementation of logistics operators and inventory management in gypsum companies in La Guajira could elevate each of the studied companies to a higher competitive level, enabling significant improvements in productive processes. However, these companies currently do not make use of these tools. It was concluded that only a few aspects of integral logistics are present in these organizations. Gypsum companies must incorporate key aspects into their regular activities, such as logistics operators and inventory management, to remain competitive in the market.
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creator: Linda Alejandra Ospino Molina
creator: Elias David Guauriyu Ortiz
creator: Danny Daniel López Juvinao
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Danny Daniel López Juvinao, Linda Alejandra Ospino Molina , Elias David Guauriyu Ortiz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-22
publication date: 2025-08-22
doi: 10.15665/rp.v23i2.3720

Statistical modeling of videostreaming traffic in a virtualized mobile network using open source software platforms
type: item
description: 5G technology allows deploying mobile networks through Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) platforms, capable of supporting large volumes of information, mainly generated by videostreaming, which represents more than 75% of the traffic. This paper analyzes the statistical behavior of video traffic in a virtualized mobile network, using the Probability Density Function (PDF) and the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF), obtained by characterizing the actual video traffic consumed in a virtualized mobile network. The methodology comprises three phases: in the first, the experimental scenario is implemented and configured; in the second, real traffic traces with H.264 and H.265 encodings are captured and processed; and in the third, goodness-of-fit tests are performed to identify the PDF and CDF that describe the traffic behavior. As results, the audio and video transfer rate curves, as well as the PDFs and CDFs of the Group of Pictures (GOP) frame components are presented. In addition, the experimental scenario and a comparison of the computational resource consumption for each encoding are included. The importance of these technologies for traffic characterization.
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creator: Santiago Martinez Ardila
creator: Claudia Tatiana Arcila-Pineda
creator: Wilmar Yesid Campo-Muñoz
creator: David Alejandro Monedero Ortiz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Santiago Martinez Ardila, Claudia Tatiana Arcila-Pineda, Wilmar Yesid Campo-Muñoz, David Alejandro Monedero Ortiz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-22
publication date: 2025-08-22
doi: 10.15665/rp.v23i2.3705

Architectural Evolution at Netflix: A Case Study on Microservices and the Transformation from Monolithic to Scalable Systems.
type: item
description: This article examines how Netflix has evolved its technological infrastructure through the adoption of microservices architecture, which has enhanced its scalability, resilience, and overall performance. Various architectural styles implemented during different phases of Netflix's growth are reviewed, highlighting how these styles influenced the company’s ability to adapt to a significant increase in users and content demand. Key benefits and challenges faced during this transition are discussed, supported by analyses of academic literature and industry studies. Finally, the article evaluates the lessons learned and offers best practices for other organizations looking to adopt microservices. This exploration not only sheds light on Netflix's journey but also provides valuable insights into the broader implications of microservices architecture in modern software development.
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creator: Carlos Henríquez
creator: Jarol Derley Ramón Valencia
creator: Germán Sánchez Torres
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Carlos Henríquez, Jarol Derley Ramón Valencia, Germán Sánchez Torres https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-21
publication date: 2025-03-21
doi: 10.15665/rp.v23i1.3683

Remote Monitoring of Diabetic Patients Using Wireless Mobile Technologies Seguimiento Remoto de Pacientes Diabéticos Mediante Tecnologías Móviles Inalámbricas
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description: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in the world, which is often attributed to lack of prompt treatment or patient neglect, a situation that, in addition to hospitalization, requires regular follow-up. This study involves developing a mobile health system (mHealth) that allows remote monitoring of diabetic patients using wireless mobile technologies to improve the quality of life of people with this condition. The monitoring system consists of a glucometer from which the data is taken and entered into the Android application installed on the patient's smartphone. Clinical data is stored and sent through the mobile phone network to a web server in the cloud for the physician to access through its application and make observations of the patient in real-time.
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creator: Jair Villanueva
creator: Orlando Perea
creator: Kevin Quintero
creator: Evert De Los Rios
creator: Estefany Lancheros
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 evert.delosrios https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-22
publication date: 2025-08-22
doi: 10.15665/rp.v23i2.3724

Characterization of a bocashi produced with plant residues and different additives in a cold climate
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description: Plant waste constitutes an environmental problem in cities. The present research aimed to characterize a bocashi produced from urban plant waste with the use of three additives yeast, efficient microorganisms (EM) and whey in a cold climate under the conditions of Pamplona, Norte de Santander. Four treatments were evaluated with the incorporation of different additives; local residual whey, baker's yeast, local efficient microorganisms, and a control. The physical, chemical, and biological variables were characterized. Analysis of variance and comparison of means were performed using SPSS software. The additives ME and whey increased the temperature compared to the other treatments. A humidity percentage of up to 79% was reached and the pH was maintained between 4 and 9. The use of whey favored the activity of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and bacteria. The percentage of Organic material was higher in the treatments with whey with 51.57% and yeast with 51.09%. The whey treatment presented a higher concentration of P2O5 (1.39%), K2O (0.14%), Ca (0.053%) and Mg (0.014%). A higher quality bocashi was produced from urban waste with the addition of residual whey, yeast and local ME.
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creator: Jonnathan Farney Carvajal Barrios
creator: Leonides Castellanos Gonzalez
creator: Alexandra Sequeda Serrano
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Leonides Castellanos Gonzalez, Jonnathan Farney Carvajal Barrios, Alexandra Sequeda Serrano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-22
publication date: 2025-08-22
doi: 10.15665/rp.v23i2.3476

The use of mobile and web applications for enhancing agricultural product commercialization: a systematic review
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description: The implementation of mobile and web applications for the commercialization of products is a challenge for the current agricultural society. These technologies are key tools to improve market efficiency, increase farmers' income, and address the specific challenges faced by agriculture. This study presents a systematic analysis of the literature on the implementation of mobile and web applications for the commercialization of agricultural products, with the aim of identifying knowledge gaps and research needs. The results show a gap in the development of technological strategies for direct sales of products by rural producers, and the need to create innovative models and methodologies to guide the design and development of technological solutions. The conclusion highlights the need to develop methodological and technological processes that consider the needs of farmers and suggests future research and development in countries with limited research in this field.
subject: Articles
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creator: Laura Maria Orozco Garcia
creator: Dayana Marcela Hurtado-Méndez
creator: Juan Andrés López-Ledezma
creator: María Estefanía Orozco García
creator: Gabriel Elías Chanchí Golondrino
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Laura Maria Orozco Garcia, Dayana Marcela Hurtado-Méndez, Juan Andrés López-Ledezma, María Estefanía Orozco García, Gabriel Elías Chanchí Golondrino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-22
publication date: 2025-08-22
doi: 10.15665/rp.v23i2.3641

Data mining and development of software with artificial intelligence focused on detecting visa approval profiles for the United States
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description: This article presents an analysis of the profiles of individuals who are approved or denied tourist visas in Colombia using data mining through the CRISP-DM methodology and computational intelligence, taking into account 2 crucial factors. 1. The denial rate is approximately 46% [1], which means that Colombians spend nearly two million dollars on rejected visas. 2. Visa interview appointments are delayed by two years after the emergence of COVID-19. Our analysis obtains information about the patterns and common characteristics among applicants who have obtained approval for their tourist visa, such as their age, gender, nationality, marital status, profession, among other aspects related in the application forms (DS-160). The analysis concludes with the development of an AI calculator capable of predicting the approval probability with an effectiveness of over 85%. Ideal for applicants who could see which points are relevant to improve or simply not show up and wait for the right moment.
subject: Articles
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creator: Leonardo Novoa
creator: Victor Hugo Medina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Leonardo Novoa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-08-22
publication date: 2025-08-22
doi: 10.15665/rp.v23i2.3693

Curvas de operación de métricas Seis Sigma para evaluar la calidad de un proceso de producción paralelo convergente
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description: The objective of this research is to evaluate the quality of a convergent parallel production process, through the operational curves generated by Six Sigma metrics. As a theoretical conception, the concepts of quality evaluation systems of a production system, Six Sigma metrics, parallel production system and operational curves were articulated. As a methodology, a heuristic, quantitative and factual analysis was carried out, which allowed the evaluation of the proposed process through the new operation curves generated by the Six Sigma metrics. As a finding, it can be evidenced that, the best level of the sigma production system (Z) of 5.30, achieves that the rate of defects per million opportunities (DPMO) is significantly reduced from 9892 to 68, allowing the yield to increase from 99% to 100%. This demonstrates that Six Sigma metric operating curves are a reliable tool for analysing process variability, which helps to improve the quality and efficiency of production systems.
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creator: Tomas Jose Fontalvo Herrera
creator: Kendry García
creator: Ana Gabriela Banquez Maturana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tomas Jose Fontalvo Herrera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-21
publication date: 2025-03-21
doi: 10.15665/rp.v23i1.3380

http://ojs.uac.edu.co/index.php/prospectiva/en/article/view/3385
type: item
title: Interpretation of normalized vegetation indices (NDVI) to estimate the density of vegetation cover present in a polyculture model, implemented in the municipality of Candelaria Atlántico, using multispectral images.
description: Multispectral surveys are tools that have allowed for the acquisition of information about productive soils through overflights with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), that integrate a camera with the capacity to acquire images in very narrow ranges of different visible and non-visible light spectra. The research presented in this article focuses on identifying the behavior of variables such as vegetation cover density, crop phytosanitary status, and water footprint presence, among others, with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) through the generation of an inspection and monitoring strategy that allows for rapid characterization of the studied soil and taking actions within agricultural activity. The strategy was implemented on a polyculture of beans, plantains, and cassava, on a particular property in the municipality of Candelaria Atlántico Colombia, conducting a multi-temporal analysis of multispectral surveys over a period of three months.
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creator: Oscar Eduardo Gualdron Guerrero
creator: luis daniel Gualdron G
creator: Elkin Florez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Oscar Eduardo Gualdron Guerrero, luis daniel Gualdron G, Elkin Florez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-03-21
publication date: 2025-03-21
doi: 10.15665/rp.v23i1.3385